Fatigue in Adolescents with Cancer Literature review

Fatigue in Adolescents with Cancer - Literature review Example t which the literature highlights for adolescents surviving chronic cancers – tuberculosis, Melanoma, Leukemia, or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Carroll, 2010). According to the contemporary medical research, the chances of adolescent survival in cancers by psychological treatments have increased, due which the activities regarding understanding the psychological concepts â€Å"quality of life† have increased too (Kelly, 2008). The medical practitioners for bringing up the effective care have come along to understand adolescents’ psychosocial consequences in-relation to the quality of life for surviving the cancer (Kelly, 2008). This is to give a close understanding on the concept of QoL which significantly relates to the adolescents’ survivorship pattern (Elizabeth, 2011). Meanwhile, the other majority of the practitioners are on the basic treatment procedures. They are concerned about the reduction of pain, difficulty and physiological fatigue which a cancer pat ient normally carries (Eilertsen et al., 2012). The contemporary literature of medicines gives a subjective explanation about adolescents’ the quality of life in cancer. There is no specific or clear definition about the concept, therefore the literature sticks to give broad and subjective explanation about the concept of the quality of life (Gibson, 2003). From a broad view, QoL can be classified in two types, psychological QoL and physiological QoL (Eilertsen et al., 2012). In this way, the literature uncovers two basic classifications which indicate that when an adolescent is in the survivorship period, it has both psychological and physiological fatigues affecting his or her psychological and physiological qualities of life (Eilertsen et al., 2012). Cancer fatigue relates to the quality of life. It has a... This paper stresses that adolescents having cancer abide in the poor quality of life situation, as they are continuously intervened by most serious and severe disease – cancer. World Health Organization describes quality of life as a psychological situation in which the person is happy, satisfied and socially active. QoL is one psychological concept that relates to adolescents’ psychological and social life behaviors. In this way, the literature uncovers two basic classifications of QoL, which are psychological and physiological fatigues affecting patient’s psychological and physiological qualities of life. This report makes a concluison that in the modern research and understanding, there are different psychological affects which young cancer patients have during the survivorship. There are influences such as separation anxiety, depression, stress, and sometimes, fear and paranoia. It depends on adolescents’ cancer state and also on the coping capability that how the patient resists and restricts cancer at the time of development. The contemporary literature uncovers that there are late affects in adolescent cancer patients’ life, which changes their sociological setting. There are cases reported in which the social quality of life of children during cancer is highly affected. There are cases in which the young survivors face the problem in attaining â€Å"normalcy† as they are stuck in between living and surviving at the time of cancer development. The influences can be reduced, if each segment is doing well to bring the high in-depth support for the survivor in c ancer.

Evaluation of five sites Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of five sites Essay The first website which I have chosen to do an evaluation on is a mobile company called, Vodafone. www. vodafone. co. uk The purpose of this website is to give Vodafone customers a chance to see the new deals the company have to offer, and to view the latest mobile handsets on the market. I my first impression of this website, is that it is very basic and easy to understand. The website designer has kept the theme of grey and red colours, throughout the whole website. I feel that this gives the feeling to the users a sense of professionalism. The website is full of hyperlinks which are quite easy to follow as, they are marked quite clearly. The website has been divided into six sections, but to view most of these you must register your details. By registering your details you are entitled to access free monthly web texts, and also you may be able to receive free registering credit. These offers are highlighted quite clearly on the website these make it appealing for the user to continue to brose the website. This will then entail the users to become a regular user of the Vodafone services. To conclude I feel that this website is quite appealing and I feel that the use of colour is just right, as too much colour may lead users to think that the website is designed for younger use. I liked the website because, it had attractive special offers to regular computer users and Vodafone customers. Overall I give this website a rating of 9/10. My second evaluation is on the website for the television soap, Eastenders. Here is the homepage of the website: This website is designed to provide viewers of the latest storylines, information on the soaps charters and also there are games for those to have a better understanding on what is going on the weekly soap. My first impression of this website is quite different to that of the Vodafone website. I feel now after viewing the graphics to this, the Vodafone website is quite plain. I feel that this homepage would be very appealing to people of all ages whom are interested in the daily soap. There are many different hyperlinks which lead into a series of completely different areas of the website. These different areas include, backstage knowledge, games, latest storylines and competitions. These are quite easy to access and are marked very clearly for anyone who visits the website for the first time. The colours, which have been used, are very imaginative, and very eye catching. In the background it has a picture of one of the leading ladies who is taking part in this weeks biggest storyline. This makes the user feel interested in what is going to happen in the next episode; therefore they stay to view the link. Overall I think so far out of the two website I have viewed that this would appeal most to me as a regular user of the Internet and its services. The third website which I have chosen to evaluate is a well-known music television programme called, cd: UK www. cduk. com It is designed to show viewers what goes on behind the scenes, up and coming venues and dates, information on the weekly stars which appear on the show, and the latest music charts in UK I found that this website was very eye-catching, with bright colours and imaginative. But the first thing that I noticed was the unnecessary icons in which the web designer has included. Users are able to change the background colour of the website which really in no use or in connection with the website or what it is about. Also to view the comments, which the readers have written there, is a very awkward scroll that you have to use. I feel that young sers or those with disabilities would not very easily use this, as it is not marked clearly on the page. On the other hand I feel that the graphics are quite good once you find your way around them though its hard to find your way around. I feel that this website could be improved a lot if the scroll bar was presented in a more simplified manner to make it user to access the information. Also if unnecessary things such as colour changes were not on the homepage would make this more appealing to older Internet users. My fourth evaluation is on a movie website, www. harrypotter. com: My first impression of this website is that it keeps the theme of ancient drawings and colours throughout the website. Which I feel is quite relevant to the movie. There is plenty of hyperlinks, which gives many clips form, the actual movie, which for those who havent seen it would be encourage doing so. I think that the graphics here are particularly good, again with an ancient feeling. I found that this was quite simple to use, and I could make my way around the various links very easily. By simply clinking on the enter link, you are able to take a look inside the castle in which the movie is based inside, which has very detailed graphics which, I feel are very impressive. Also again there is a message board for the viewers to post their comments about the website. Overall I think that this website has had the best graphics so far, and is quite interesting for the viewer to browse through. I dont think that I could point out any main features that could be improved as, I was very impressed with the whole website. My fifth and final evaluation is on the website.

The Contrariety Of Two Friends Essay -- Compare Contrast Friends Frien

The Contrariety Of Two Friends Everyone has friends. Some are so alike that it is shocking. They seem to walk, talk and even eat the same. But others are so very different that it is an absolute wonder that they can even stand each other, let alone be friends. That is how it is in the friendship of Sandra and Nancy. They differ in everything from their views on cleaning, their views on fun and even in their views on religion. The two girls are the best of friends but they are very different, even in the views on how they clean. Sandra is very neat and tidy. Everything must be in its place at all times. Nancy on the other hand is extremely messy. Wherever things happen to land is where they should belong. Sandra cleans her room at least once a day. While Nancy's room is lucky to be cleaned once a month. When Sandra cleans, it is a lengthy procedure. Sometimes she will spend hours just cleaning her room. When Nancy cleans, it is done as quickly as humanly possible. If she can get everything shoved under her bed in five minutes then she is happy. The thought of even sleeping in a messy room makes Sandra extremely uncomfortable. Though Nancy can't stand to be in a spotless room, with out the urge to mess something up. Since the two girls can hardly stand to be in each other's rooms, they frequently go out. But even in their choices of a good time, they have severe differences. Sandra is very quiet and shy. She doesn't like to be around a lot of people that she doesn'...

Suffering in Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

Suffering in Crime and Punishment In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, suffering is an integral part of every character's role. However, the message that Dostoevsky wants to present with the main character, Raskolnikov, is not one of the Christian idea of salvation through suffering. Rather, it appears as if the author never lets his main character suffer mentally in relation to the crime. His only pain seems to be physical sicknes. Raskolnikov commits a premeditated murder in a state of delirium. He ends up committing a second murder, which he never ever wanted to be responsible for. He kills Lizaveta, an exceedingly innocent person. But does the author ever remind us of the murder at any time in the novel again? Not in the physical sense of the crime itself. The reader doesn't hear about how heavily the murders are weighing on his heart, or how he is tormented by visions of the crime. He doesn't feel the least bit guilty about having committed the crime, only his pride's hurt. He doesn't mention the idea of the pain that might arise from recurrent visions of the crime. Raskolnikov never again recalls the massive amounts of blood everywhere, the look on Lizaveta's face when he brings down the axe on her head. These things clearly show that the crime isn't what might cause him suffering, or pain, it is something else. After Raskolnikov is sent off to Siberia, he doesn't feel remorseful. His feelings haven't changed about his crime, he feels bad at not being able to living up to his own ideas of greatness. He grows depressed only when he learns of his mother's death. Raskolnikov still hasn't found any reason to feel remorse for his crimes. He takes Siberia as his punishment, because of how annoying it is to go through all these formalities, and ridicularities that it entails. Yet, he actually feels more comfortable in Siberia than in his home in St. Petersburg. It's more comfortable, and has better living conditions than his own home. But he isn't free to do whatever he likes. But this does not contradict what I've said before. He doesn't view Siberia as suffering, but he does view it as punishment, because he would rather not have to go through seven years in his prison cell. His theory of the extraordinary, and the ordinary is something he has to follow and adhere to . Suffering in Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment Suffering in Crime and Punishment In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, suffering is an integral part of every character's role. However, the message that Dostoevsky wants to present with the main character, Raskolnikov, is not one of the Christian idea of salvation through suffering. Rather, it appears as if the author never lets his main character suffer mentally in relation to the crime. His only pain seems to be physical sicknes. Raskolnikov commits a premeditated murder in a state of delirium. He ends up committing a second murder, which he never ever wanted to be responsible for. He kills Lizaveta, an exceedingly innocent person. But does the author ever remind us of the murder at any time in the novel again? Not in the physical sense of the crime itself. The reader doesn't hear about how heavily the murders are weighing on his heart, or how he is tormented by visions of the crime. He doesn't feel the least bit guilty about having committed the crime, only his pride's hurt. He doesn't mention the idea of the pain that might arise from recurrent visions of the crime. Raskolnikov never again recalls the massive amounts of blood everywhere, the look on Lizaveta's face when he brings down the axe on her head. These things clearly show that the crime isn't what might cause him suffering, or pain, it is something else. After Raskolnikov is sent off to Siberia, he doesn't feel remorseful. His feelings haven't changed about his crime, he feels bad at not being able to living up to his own ideas of greatness. He grows depressed only when he learns of his mother's death. Raskolnikov still hasn't found any reason to feel remorse for his crimes. He takes Siberia as his punishment, because of how annoying it is to go through all these formalities, and ridicularities that it entails. Yet, he actually feels more comfortable in Siberia than in his home in St. Petersburg. It's more comfortable, and has better living conditions than his own home. But he isn't free to do whatever he likes. But this does not contradict what I've said before. He doesn't view Siberia as suffering, but he does view it as punishment, because he would rather not have to go through seven years in his prison cell. His theory of the extraordinary, and the ordinary is something he has to follow and adhere to .

Coffee Shops Essay

1. To describe consumers’ decision making in different market segments when they choose retailers of coffee using CDP. 2. To identify additional research that should be conducted to validate assumption about consumer decisions at each stage of the CDP model. 3. To learn how to organize marketing program should be provide for our customers after recognize their decision making process. 4. To see the impact of brand positioning to the consumers decision making. 5. To recommend marketing strategy after learn about consumers decision making process. 1. 0 Summary 2. 0Problem Identification Figure 1: Crimson Cup market segments As a wholesaler of coffee and tea and a provider of marketing programs to independent coffee shops and retailers, CrimsonCup has experienced growth over the past decade and is within range of becoming the nation’s second- or third-largest alternative to Starbucks. Figure 1 show about the segmentation of the Crimson Customers which divided into primary customers and ultimate customers. Primary customers are the independent coffee shops, grocery and restaurant. However the ultimate customers are divided into two groups; first is the consumers that buy the coffee from the primary customers and brewing at home; second is the consumers go to the coffee shops to drink coffee. The important of understanding of the ultimate customers are very important because the demand of the primary customers comes from the demand of ultimate customers as consumers. This company branding mission has focused on creating the independent retailer as the brand, rather than the product supplier. The CrimsonCup brand is featured on packaged coffee sold by retailers for office or home consumption, on mugs and cups provided to retailers and in some other promotional materials, and the firm is now considering the issue of weather it should be more aggressive in its promotion of the CrimsonCup or Coffee for Independent Thinkers brands as well as how best to develop its strategy of helping the independent coffee shops it serves. In understanding of the consumers’ wants and need, they search for many information and from the case, there is one consumer research already give some result about coffee consumption that made the university students or people that closely related to the university environment as focus group. The information get from this research need some additional approval from others finding to made their assumption about the behavior of the consumers to the Crimson Cup product or information related to the coffee consumption will be more meaningful to understand the attitudes of the consumers. By using the consumer decision making model, we are trying to analyze the consumer behavior in consuming coffee and make our recommendations about what strategy should be focus by this company and to suggest some alternatives to solve their problems and to get more opportunities in this industry. 3. 0Analysis We are using the consumers’ decision making model to analyze the consumer behavior of this company. 3. 1Market Segmentation Evaluation The differences of consumers in making decision will make them divided into difference segments in the market. Before we continue to discuss about the consumer decision making process that shows in figure 2, we underline first the environmental influences and individual differences because this two elements in the CDP’s model will be important to most of part in the consumer decision making process. Environmental Influences We found that the environmental influences for this product are culture, family and situation: 1. Culture: The customer segments in this case change over the past year. The American coffee culture brought on by an insurgence of gourmet coffee retailers and than evolved to a point where â€Å"getting a coffee, going out for coffee, is our little space in the workday to call our own†. The evolution of the culture show that how important of coffee in the American culture and they consume it anytime that more than just take the coffee in their breakfast early in the morning. 2. Family: From the research, one of important factors that influence purchasing decision is recommendation from family or friends. 3. Situation: The consumption of coffee in this market segments can also influence by occasion factor means when the whether at that time in winter, they will take more coffee rather than during summer. Figure 2: Consumer Decision Process Model Individual Differences 1. Consumer resources will make individual influences because the consumers in this case have different resources especially time, students or people that working in the university will have limited time to spend for searching location for the coffee shops. They will choose the nearer shops to take a little break to make them fresh. For the money resources, they are not constraint of it because from the research price is at sixth factor that encourage them to buy the coffee and seventh factors that discouraged them to not take it. We can predict that, the consumers in this coffee drink market are not price sensitive because of enough money resources. 2. Attitudes: The beliefs and feeling that more on quality and convenience place when they consume the coffee will make differences to their individual factors. Percent Beliefs and feeling 1. 58 Regularly buy coffee at coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee. 2. 33 They think coffee shops sell better coffee than those of their competitors 3. 37 Purchase their coffee at coffee shops instead brewing it at home normally goes to the closest one. 4. Personality: person that need more energy and have busy lifestyle will take more coffee rather than people that consume it because of social activities like to spend time with their friends with coffee. 3. 2Need Recognition. Consumers in the coffee market will start recognize that they need to take a cup of coffee at least when there is environmental influences occurs, when their mind set that they must take coffee as the term as ‘consumption norms’ in their culture, they will need to take it anytime. That is the reason why the American will take coffee not only in the morning like Malaysian in their breakfast but anytime when it crosses to their mind. They also will take coffee more in the winter season because their need to make themselves hot and tasty, as well as the routine and tradition of sharing a drink with friends as a social event. For individual differences, the need of the student and people in the university will be differences each of them depends on their psychological affect that when they want to have energy or avoid sleepy when they doing their work, they have to take a coffee. The need recognition for this group will be high when they have many assignments that must be done every time and have to stay up at night. 3. 3Search When the consumers had need recognition process in their mind, they will start with making internal search. In their memory will have some information when they are exposing and have retention to some coffee brand before in their mind. Marketer must stimuli the consumer memory with their activity and non-marketer also give some conformation in this process that consider as external search. Even from the research said that brand is not factors that really encourage or discourage them to choose the coffee but how the marketers positioning their brand still are important. In this case, the marketers generally make TV commercials, store displays, give free samples in the mall and fliers and newspaper coupons to influence the consumers but approach that use by the Crimson Cup to position their product using: 1. Their position statement is â€Å"coffee for Independent Thinkers† as approval to consumers that they will get quality drinks in a clean and friendly environment. From the report said, â€Å"People see ‘coffee for independent Thinkers’ and come in to the coffee house. They like the message. † 2. The Crimsoncup believe that quality can make consumers perceive more better to their product and because of that, they offer quality coffee bean that: Have Fair Trade Certified Organic coffee are certified by USDA (Quality Certification Services) Signature blends. Flavored coffees in light, medium, and dark roasts with Class I Specialty Grade Coffee. Non-marketer also will stimuli them because in this case, word-of-mouth from other people experience will influence them to get information about a new coffee house. Recommendation from family and friends also will influence them to choose the coffee shops. The more effective stimuli expose to the consumer the more intention the brand will be keep it the memory of the consumers. 3. 4Pre-Purchase Evaluation of Alternatives Again this process will influence by environmental influences and individual differences. If they have and experience before with satisfaction after consume the coffee drink, positive reinforcement will be happened to encourage them to use this information in the pre-purchase evaluation alternatives process. But the most important element here is the influence or recommendation from the family and friends to choose the coffee shops or to buy the coffee brands. Here, factor that encourage and discourage will be play in the consumer mind while making evaluation. Research finding is like table 1 and table 2 that mention about factors encourage and discouraged consumers to return to the coffee shops. Table 1: Factors encourage consumers to return to the store Factor Description Score 1. Location Highest score show that the consumers prefer to choose the closest store/shops. 6. 6 2. Taste – 6. 43 3. Atmosphere When going for social reason, atmosphere is important, but less when going alone. 6. 04 4. Price Ranked fifth 5. 19 5. Brand For a favored brand was a reason to purchase coffee for office or home use. 4. 95 Table 2: Factors discourage consumers to return to the store Factor Description Score 1. Taste Highest score 6. 90 2. Price Ranked fourth 6. 00 3. Brand. Brand ranked low as a reason for choosing a store or determining frequency of visits to the store. 4. 56 Even the locations the first choice but the reason of consumers will return to the store are combination of taste, price and location. Speed of service was also mentioned as a factor when deciding to go. 3. 5Purchase When they purchase the coffee, the factors that will attract them to come to the shop are the location and the quality that they will receive from the shop like the taste of coffee as the second encourage factors and also clean and friendly environment. From the report of the Crimson Cup Independent retailers said ‘People see ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ and come in to the coffee house. They like the message’. This shows the success of the retailers to attract the consumers using the brand slogan and the services that will provide clean and friendly environment. 3. 6Consumption From the research found that the most positive items sometimes bought at a coffee shop were breakfast food such as list in table below: Table 3: others items buy in coffee shop. Food Percentage 1. 2. 3. 4. Bagel and muffins Sweets (cookies and cakes) Chai tea Not ever purchase other items 55 14 8 13 Because of the culture of American like coffee, so there is no special time for them to get a cup of coffee but for the students, the probability is drinking coffee early in the morning to boost energy before start work or at night to retain and maintain energy to stay up doing assignment until early in the morning. 3. 7Post-consumption Evaluation. From the case, if they have a bad experiences to the coffee they will make punishment with tell others consumer to not take the coffee at that shop but when they have positive experience they will came again. The research finding tell us that taste of the coffee will be the second important factors why they choose the coffee drinks and the first factor they not return to the coffee shops. So, even location will be the first factor to encourage them to come again to the shops but the taste still be most important as the first things that should be focus by the Crimsoncup to maintain the product quality. Quality is more refer to the taste and the convenience is more refer to the location. The level of satisfaction is encourage by this both factors that make the consumers perceive they receive a good quality product at the right location plus with quality extra services in clean and friendly environment. 3. 8Divestment They did not mention about anything for this process. We will suggest them to make research to identify some information like what the customers do with the bean if they brew it at home, the packaging and maybe the cup to serve the coffee. This information can be use by Crimson Cup to complete building an effective marketing strategy. 4. 0SWOT analysis of Crimson Cup coffee From the case, we analysis their company using SWOT analysis like figure below: Strength Weaknesses Statistics shows that small prepared coffee retailers are growing faster than the mighty Starbucks. Crimson Cup is has specialize in this industry by served independent coffee houses, teaching independent coffee shop owners the skills needed to operate a viable and competitive business. Greg Ubert as a founder of this company is the author of ‘The Seven Steps to Success: A Common Sense Guide to Succeed In Specialty Coffee’. We see this directly to share skills and information with the independent coffee shops retailers but indirectly influence the consumers that they will get quality services from the coffee shops. They have their own website that can search from website address www. forindependenthinkers. com or www. crimsoncup. com . Its expert baristas have opened well over hundred coffee shops around the country. Its starts-up program includes every things needed to operate independently without the constraints of franchise agreements. The coffees that they serve have quality certification like we discuss at the previous chapter. The slogan ‘Coffee for Independent perceive positively by the consumers. The Crimson Cup just focus limit their activities on the coffee and not serving bagels and muffins or sweets even there is demand of the item that found from the research. Opportunity Threat Coffee consumption is very important in American cultures. There is winter season every year in that country. There is demand for items purchase with coffee in the shops (i. e. : muffins or cookies) . Recommendation from family or friends is one of the five most important factors for influencing purchase. 58% of respondents who regularly buy coffee at a coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee and 33% perceive that the coffee quality of this shops better than competitors There are many competitors in coffee industry that serve with multi-style of marketing strategy such as Starbucks. The negative impression of the consumers to the coffee shops will make them distribute the information using word-of-mouth as a punishment or negative reinforcement for them our others consumers. 5. 0Alternatives There are many problems we identify before so the alternatives we provide here will give suggestion to the entire problem that we will use the make effective recommendation in the next chapter. The alternative will be dividing into: Additional research that should be done to make assumption. Brand focus Marketing strategy Marketing program (IMC) 5. 1Additional Research for More Understanding of the Consumer Behavior. After we make analysis, we put the research that had been done and come with the additional research that possible to be done to make more effective assumption for this company target market like table 4 below: Table 4: Consumer Research Stage Process Done Additional 1 Need recognition Environmental influences Culture Family Situation Individual differences Knowledge Attitudes lifestyle Environmental influences Social Class Individual differences Consumer resources Value 2 Search Stimuli (to general finding) Marketer (TV commercial, etc) Non-marketer (word-of-mouth). The research should be done more focus on the Crimson Cup. 3 Pre-purchase evaluation of alternative Factor encourage and discouraged to return to the coffee shops What make consumers satisfied and come again to the coffee shops. 4 Purchase Location Price Nature/quality of assortment Store clientele can be good research because it will be influence by the social culture. 5 Consumption How they consumer When they consume Where they consume How much they consumer? 6 Post-purchase evaluation Dissatisfaction ? (punishment) Satisfaction? Reaction? 7 Divestment There is no research state in this case. How customer’s divest packaging /cups? 5. 2Brand Focus Here is the evaluation of the alternatives for the brand focus; ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ Advantages: 1. Consumers like the statement, ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers ’. Once they see this slogan shows in the window of the coffee house, they will go in the coffee house. Besides that, those coffee houses which display this slogan on the window of the coffee houses are promise to offer quality drinks in a clean and friendly environment. 2. University students are the group of people that public perceives them as independent thinkers. So, by emphasis on ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand, drinking CrimsonCup coffee can be a trend or lifestyle for the students. 3. When consumers see the seal, they know this coffee house is offer good quality coffee and nice environment for them to enjoy the coffee. As a result, ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ slowly becomes the seal of guarantee for quality coffee. This action also fulfills the need of the consumers that the taste of the coffee is the most important reason that makes consumer to come back again. So, when the consumers see the seal ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’, 4. Crimson Cup primary customers is the independent coffee shops, other than attracting the consumers, they also can influence the independent coffee shops retailers to perceive positively this brand slogan. 5. The impact of the slogan show from the research that 58% of respondents who regularly buy coffee at a coffee shop said coffee shops offer better-quality coffee and 33% perceive that the coffee quality of this shops better than competitors. Disadvantages 1. Another disadvantages of promoting ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand is CrimsonCup brand has exist for a long time. Most of the people know about CrimsonCup brand because anything about the coffee will makes consumers think of CrimsonCup. For example, when we mention about CrimsonCup, consumers will start thinking of a company who sells good quality coffee bean; a company that provide training for those who would like to open a coffee house; a company offer good quality coffee and etcetra. 2. If suddenly the company changes CrimsonCup to ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’ brand, consumers will get confused whether this is a new brand or another company cooperate with CrimsonCup. ‘Crimson Cup’ Advantages: 1. It already establish from 1991 and use by the company. Disadvantages: 1. Consumers are not really care about the brand of the coffee when they just simply want to drink coffee. Only those consumers who purchase the coffee mainly for office or home use will care about the brand of the coffee. So, with only focusing on the CrimsonCup, the impact of promotion or advertising activities not give high impact the consumers intention. Under this kind of situation, they will just choose which coffee house is nearer and convenient for them. 2. Consumers has possibility to ranked this brand quality is same like competitors. 5. 3Marketing Strategy To overcome with the marketing strategy, we divide the alternatives with 4 P’s. For these alternatives, we are using push strategy to encourage the demand from the consumers and pull strategy to encourage the primary customers to run their own activities that can encourage the increasing of sales. 5. 3. 1Price strategy Pricing strategy for the primary customers: Alternative 1: Allowance Alternative 2: Discount Here are the alternatives for the consumers (ultimate customers) Alternative 1: Membership price. Membership price usually entitle for primary customer who purchase constantly and loyal customers. Most of them are independent coffee shop or restaurant. Here customers need to fill in the membership form. This membership duration can last for one year. Crimson Cup provide them special price and keep their purchasing track record. For ultimate customers, every time they purchase at our coffee shop they have to present the membership card and membership number, so they are entitle for 8% discount for each cup of coffee. Each time they purchase by using the membership card they can collect the points and redeem it at our coffee shop. Other than that the advantage being a membership of CC is; based from the track record and base from the personal details we have, we will appreciate our customer during their birthday by giving them birthday coupon and they can redeem it at our coffee shop. Alternative two: Quantity discount Crimson Cup chooses by giving an ‘extra amount’ is one of the good idea to encourage customer to buy in large amount especially independent coffee shop. Every 2kg customers will enjoy 200grms extra. Customer pays for 2kgs price but enjoy 2200grms coffee. From 200grms coffee can cover at least 10 cups of coffee and coffee shop can gain an extra profit from it. For our coffee shop, customers who order five items in a single receipt worth $70 and above entitle for a regular cup of cappuccino for free. This idea is to encourage customer to come in a big group. 5. 3. 2Product strategy A product is define as anything that can be offered to the market for attention, use or consumption and that might satisfy a want or need ( Armstrong and Kotler 278). Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee CrimsonCup is a specialty coffee roaster. Their coffee beans are a special blend that Armando created, which is called Armando’s Blend. It’s smooth, no aftertaste, and smells delightfully good and full fill the coffee drinker’s need. Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Coffee can use disposable cup to serve their coffee with Crimson Coffee name and tagline ‘Coffee for Independent Thinkers’. This is because we want customers to drink with passion. The brown color paper with Crimson Coffee name is actually one different layer of paper. The main function of it is actually to absorb hit and cold; meaning that if customers buy some hot drink they can easily hold the brown layer to avoid them from hot especially kids. It is also same if they buy cold drink, the brown layer is use to absorb the water so that customer no need to ask for tissue paper. Alternative 3: Paper Bags. Fair Trade is an innovative, market-based approach to sustainable development. Crimson Cup is certified organic and shade grown. This means that the products you buy maintain biodiversity, provide shelter for migratory birds and help reduce global warming. Crimson Cup Coffee use paper bag and the material can easily recycle. At the paper bag stated clearly the Crimson Coffee Brand and tagline ‘Coffee For Independent Thinkers’ . Behind the paper bag consumers can search the map for the nearest Quality Certified stores on the CrimsonCup website. Alternative 4 : Product labeling They should show the Crimson Cup Logo at the packaging of the coffee bean that sell in the grocery or coffee shops. All off the certification they get also should be publish at the packaging or cups and mugs use to serve the coffee. Alternative 5: sell muffins, bagels, cookies and cake. They should sell items like bagels, muffins; cookies and cake because of there are demands of the products that consume together with the coffee. 5. 3. 3Promotion Strategy Making joint venture Making joint venture can be one of the methods for its marketing recommendations. For an example making joint venture with famous fast food companies such as MacDonald in order to put coffee in its menu. Now a day’s making joint venture is one of the ways for companies in order to make themselves more popular like PepsiCo which joint venture with KFC or Lipton. 5. 3. 4Place strategy. Clean, friendly environment because consumers more perceive on quality and convenience. Service delivery if the place is too far. Make a target for the range of shops in one town. 5. 4Integrated Marketing Communication program (IMC) Before we suggest alternatives for the IMC, actually the goals of the marketing program are: 1. To increase more awareness about the Independents coffee shops, grocery, and restaurant those serves the coffee from Crimson Cup or sell the coffee beans from this company. 2. To increase the knowledge of the consumers about the coffee and this activities will stimulate them to come to coffee shops or brewing at home. Alternatives 1:Barista4aDay Contest One of the programs which are launched is Barista4aDay which is a program for coffee lovers as customers (ultimate customers) or even independent coffee shop owners (primary customers). The program is simple. One coffee lover gets to spend a day learning the art of Barista. A Barista is a professional who is highly skilled in coffee preparation, with a comprehensive understanding of coffee, espresso, roast degree and espresso equipment. Point of purchase Try the coffee in front of the coffee shops. Crimson Cup travel to the focus group. Go to university or potential place by lorries. Leader’s opinion 6. 0Recommendation of Strategy After we list the all alternatives for all the problems that we underline in second chapters, we come with the recommendations below in the combination of strategy that will be run to influence the consumers’ decision making process. 4 P’s Price: Alternative 1: Allowance Alternative two: Quantity discount Product: Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Alternative 4: Product labeling Alternative 5: sell muffins, bagels, cookies and cake. Promotion: Making joint venture. Package to make them try the muffin as new product Place: Clean and friendly environment. IMC (annual program) Baristas4aDay with personality Research Store clientele 7. 0Plan of action Program Responsible Duration Description 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 0Contingency Plan 4 P’s Price: Alternative 1: Discount during winter season Alternative two: Quantity discount Product: Alternative 1: Crimson Coffee Alternative 2: Coffee Cup Alternative 4: Product labeling Promotion: Place: Clean and friendly environment. IMC (annual program) Point of purchase at the store Word of mouth by a leader 9. 0Conclusion. Consumer decision making model is very useful to analyze the behavior of consumers start from need recognition process until the divestment process. But, to get information for the every step or process in the model, some research should be run because research will supply more reliable and valid information to make our assumption more accurate. The assumption will be use to make prediction to the consumers decision making and this information are useful when the marketer trying to strategize their marketing programme or marketing activities to supply the products that can really transfer value the consumers. Reference: Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2006), Consumer Behavior, 10th Ed. , Thompson, Southwestern Kotler, P. (2006) Marketing Management 12th edn. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Perentice Hall. Kotler, P and Gary Armstrong (2006). Principles of Marketing 11th edn. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc http://www. wikipedia. com http://www. mplans. com http://www. forindipendentthinkers. com.

International Development Sector

International Development Sector General Overview General description of the sector International development which is also referred to as Global development is defined as a concept that provides states with an opportunity to develop itself positively and thus achieve better quality life for its citizenry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, this is a concept that defines the process of human development which was developed during the industrialization period in the 19th century, a time during which the world poverty rate was very high resulting in many people living below the world poverty line. Global poverty continues to be a tremendous problem today even as hundreds of billions of dollars from international development assistance trickles in. International Development concept was developed as a means of alleviating poverty with the aim of improving the lifestyle of people l iving in the third world countries. It is a concept that involves provision of foreign aid for healthcare, education, infrastructure, economics, and initiating relevance to gender equality, disaster preparedness and issues dealing with human rights and other related issues. Scope of sector activities According to Scott (156) â€Å"international development projects may consist of a single, renovation projects that are used to address a specific problem or a great number of projects targeted at several facets of the society. Development involves reducing deprivation or broadening choice. Since its implementation, the sector has been used to shape up the society in terms of coming up with new changes in policy and framework for both economic and political sectors. Before, the colonial societies were the ideological bases for development commonly known as foreign policy. By early 20th century, the idea of development resurfaced and that is where the name international development was born. At that time the world was in dire need of peace and reconciliation which was driven by the efforts of the industrialized countries in the West hence, industrial development set its priorities to support those countries that were in need of assistance in their development efforts that is why the international development industry helps through fostering supportive measures to ensure that these countries will come to realize their goals. The main aim of international development is to provide long term solutions to problems concerning development in various countries. Main operating focus This industry’s main goal is to provide the essential facilities needed to provide sustainable and practical solutions concerning developmental problems. International development comes up with developmental projects that are able to be carried on indefinitely without the need of international help either financially or in any other way.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, International development mainly focuses on the one goal that seems to be a problem in the third world countries like those in Africa, this is poverty, their main duty is to ensure that the poverty eradication measures are put in place in the respective countries both at individual and societal level in order to make sure that they are on a path that gives them an opportunity for sustainable growth and development and also provide these countries with an opportunity to participate in the world’s economic and political fields. The projects that the industry is concerned with are based on the determination of the people in third world countries especially countries in Africa to free themselves and their continent from apprehension of under development and segregation by participating in a globalizing world. General economic employment impact Alleviating poverty and ensuring that a country is attaining a positive mark in guaranteeing that there is sustainable growth in their countries, development must involve economic and social policies in many fronts which they pose as a challenge. For example, over the last decades, the Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) income growth has hardly kept pace with the growth in population. In the 1970s, the sub Sahara region was able to record a moderate increase growth per capita income which remained below 2.5% per annum both in the 1980s and 1990s.This mark on the other hand improved after the millennium but is still below 10%. Even though there are efforts to ensure speedy recovery, it has been proved that most projects are short lived and long term growth developments are below the levels required to meet poverty alleviation targets. Development impacts are also slow in SSA due to immense changes in income distribution for example, the poorest populations experience steep declines in their per capita incomes than th e economy as a whole. Adjustment policies that include trade and financial liberalization, privatization and retrenchment of public sector have played a very significant role in increasing the middle class who have become a prominent feature of income distribution in many developing countries. The international development industry provides policies that are meant to reduce poverty leading to rapid and sustained growth and job creation opportunities (Obioma 78). It is valuable to take note that the economic growth of a country may not automatically trickle down to the poor and that’s exactly why the international development industry emphasizes on helping the developing countries in coming up with policies that make it easy for the poor to access vital support structures such as human, physical and financial assets’ to improve their earning capacity hence this is why particular attention is paid to public provision of education and health services (Scott 98).Advertisin g We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Structure of the Sector (industry): Who are the major players (stakeholders?) The structure of the international development sector is defined by the specific member organizations policies. Although this is the case, the concerned governments and private sectors are encouraged to partner together to speed up development in Africa. Nevertheless, focus on International development sector as a dependent industry begun just recently. Most of the international development projects are funded by Westernized countries (developed countries) whereby these countries help to contribute in a number of ways for example, churning out a lot of plans and programmes which are used to accomplish development plans that will improve the quality of life of people. The main players in this industry are: International and regional organizations In ternational institutes like United Nations (UN), The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are among the organization which provide humanitarian and development assistance to the third world countries. Some of the development projects are also funded by regional banks. Unilateral assistance â€Å"Both the unilateral and multilateral assistance can be channeled to a country through a countries own foreign aid and developmental agencies. Foreign policy may be attained by having a sense of moral obligation† (McMichael, 145). Non- governmental organizations (NGOs) Several nongovernmental organizations are known to steer up developmental projects especially by providing humanitarian needs directly or even through collaborating with the U.N. agencies. Their participation in development process is seen as advantageous as compared to the international organizations participation since they are not limited to any political constraints and for this reason their diversity and liberty permits them to work even in very intricate places. NGOs function at all levels, grass-roots, national, regional and international levels. Many carry out high-impact, high-resource projects and work in the fields of health, refugees, environment, human rights, education, and other key aspects of international development. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in calling for a sustainable growth in the global arena. Campaigning groups have also been key drivers of inter-governmental negotiations, ranging from the regulation of waste materials which are hazardous to a global ban on land mines and the elimination of slavery.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Military The military’s main role is to ensure that the environments in which relief agencies are operating on are safe. There are a few instances during which the military may provide aid directly especially during those times when international organizations and the non- governmental organizations find themselves overstretched and are unable to provide adequate aid due to matters concerning security. Obioma 56) notes â€Å"the military may be capable of providing managements efforts and organize the general humanitarian response and also have the capability of dealing with demanding needs both technical and physical like reinstating communication channels and delivery routes.† The military’s aim is also able to maintain internal security and protect citizens and their property in addition to its purpose of defending the country against invasion by any foreign force. Therefore, its major task is to ensure that there is total peace among the people. In addition to their basic military roles, the armed forces also participate in a variety of civic action programs designed to support the countrys development efforts. The International Dimension How global are sector activities Globalization requires states reinforcing capacity. A state that opens up its economy is going to bring in costs and benefits. Focus on compensating losses from globalization and technological change depends on how effective a state is in terms of its economic growth (McMichael, 29). Development strategies such as reforming of public services will give states a better opportunity to benefit from globalization. Since 1980s, a number of developmental programmes were put in place in an effort to establish foundations for structural transformation and integration of African countries into the global world (Obioma 96).For instance in 1980; African leaders adopted the Lagos Plan of Action for Economic Development of Africa. The main aim of adopting the plan was so that Afric an states could restructure their economies basing it on the principle of self reliance and self- sustaining development. In 1990, United Nations adopted the United Nations Plan of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development (UN-PAAERD) which was adopted with the aim of establishing foundations for structural transformation, increase in productivity and improvement of African economies. International distribution of competition Competition is central in the operation of markets as it fosters innovation, productivity and growth which help in creation of wealth and reduction of poverty rates. It is however a challenge to identify where competition is weak and how to promote more efficient business rivalry that would promote trade and industry expansion and also decrease poverty. International development is a nonprofit sector that is usually associated with national societies that comprises of organizations and associations which lie between states and markets (Escobar, 85). These are organizations that are not associated with any kinds of business or political realms therefore, this are sectors that operate outside the global economy and they help policy makers in developing countries identify these competitions. â€Å"International markets are dominated by big businesses that have close ties with governments and the more effective competition is, the more chances a government is able to reduce issues of corruption creating more room for development goals to be achieved†(Escobar,63). Related Sector Employment and Careers: Industrial development sector has very limited information as it is an industry for this reason; the employment numbers are difficult to estimate because of lack of proper definition as to which organizations are involved in the international development sector. Most of the African states have an official non-governmental sector but many of them do not focus on international development as many work relatively on issues that ar e domestic (McMichael 59). Distribution of occupations (entry level, mid-career, top management) To gain access to this particular industry, it needs an individual who has high level of expertise in that particular field. Since most of the positions available are attached to government donor agencies like World Bank, U.N. agencies U.S International Development agencies among others, there are tight restrictions on the qualification for each particular individual. Fields that require technical experts, project managers and researchers are the main broad categories that account for the entry level, mid level or senior level or executive positions for an individual. International development provides a person with various opportunities in various international development positions but only specific blending of certain qualities will entitle one to have an opportunity to work in this industry. Having clear understanding of each type of job and considering relevance of the contributions made by the positions will significantly be a helpful factor in ones career growth in international development (Escobar 143). Key education and resource skills needed to succeed Today there are a number of universities that are providing undergraduate courses in international development. These courses provide the students with an opportunity to have common knowledge in a specific practice area hence therefore, what they learn in these institutions eventually contributes’ towards the progression of sustaining the foundations of the industry. Within the development industry, there are various specializations which emphasizes on different specific core skills since there are several positions available in this industry which includes; business development, research evaluation, project management among other administrative functions all that deal with development organizations. Basic Skills needed include computer applications, knowledge in media, statistics administration and management although it will depend on the position (Devex, np). Main certifications, best strategies for entry into the sector Due to the rapid changes that keep occurring in the industry, an individual who is considering working in this sector has to his/her best possess suitable skills and qualification (Devex, np). One way of achieving this is through ensuring that one is critically aware of the latest sectors that are gaining prominence, ensure that one is aware of the funding trends and is in constant check of the activities of the worlds’ leading international and non-governmental organizations. Besides the above strategies an individual is also expected to possess certificates that indicate that he/she is suitable for the position depending on what one has studied in high levels of academic institutions not excluding the period of experience. Devex. â€Å"International Development job and consulting opportunities.† Devex. 2011. Web. Escobar, Andrew. Encounter ing development: the making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton university press: Princeton, 1995.Print McMichael, Philip. Development and social change: a global perspective 3rd ed. California: Pines Forge Press, 2003. Print Obioma, Iheduru. Contending issues in African development: advances, challenges, and the future. Greenwood Vlg: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Print Scott Straus. Africas stalled development: international causes and cures. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. Print.

hypocrisis - definition and examples of hypocrisis

hypocrisis - definition and examples of hypocrisis Definition (1) Hypocrisis is a rhetorical term for mimicking or exaggerating the speech habits of others, often in order to mock them. In this sense, hypocrisis is a form of parody. Adjective: hypocritical. (2) In Rhetoric, Aristotle discusses hypocrisis  in the context of the delivery of a speech. Delivery of speeches in plays, notes Kenneth J. Reckford, as in assemblies or law courts (the term,  hypocrisis, is  the same), requires the right use of qualities like rhythm, volume, and voice quality (Aristophanes Old-and-New Comedy, 1987). In Latin, hypocrisis can also mean hypocrisy or feigned sanctity. Etymology From the Greek, reply; (orators) delivery; to play a part in the theater. Examples and Observations In the terminology of Latin rhetoric both actio and pronuntiatio apply to the realization of a speech by vocalization (figura vocis, which covers breath and rhythm) and accompanying physical movements.   . . . Both  actio  and  pronuntiatio  correspond to the Greek hypocrisis, which relates to the techniques of actors.  Hypocrisis  had been introduced into the terminology of rhetorical theory by Aristotle (Rhetoric, III.1.1403b). The dual histrionic and oratorical associations of the Greek word reflect the ambivalence, perhaps even hypocrisy, about the relationship between speech-delivery and acting that pervades the Roman rhetorical tradition. On the one hand, rhetoricians make untold pronouncements against oratory that bears too strong a resemblance to acting. Cicero in particular takes pains to distinguish between the actor and the speaker. On the other hand, examples abound of orators, from Demosthenes through to Cicero and beyond, who hone their skills by observing and imitating actors. . . .   The equivalent of  actio  and  pronuntiatio  in modern English is delivery. (Jan M. Ziolkowski, Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words? The Scope and Role of​  Pronuntiatio  in the Latin Rhetorical Tradition.  Rhetoric Beyond Words: Delight and Persuasion in the Arts of the Middle Ages, ed. by  Mary Carruthers. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Aristotle on Hypocrisis The section [in  Rhetoric] on hypocrisis is a part of Aristotles discussion of diction (lexis), in which he painstakingly explains to his reader that, in addition to knowing what to say, one must also know how to put the right content into the right words. In addition to these main two considerations, two topicswhat to say and how to put it in wordsthere is, Aristotle admits, a third topic, which he will not discuss, namely, how to properly deliver the right content put into the right words. . . . Aristotles . . . agenda is quite clear from his quasi-historical account. In associating the increase of interest in delivery with the fashion for poetic texts (both epic and dramatic) to be recited by people other than their authors, Aristotle seems to be contrasting the performers studied delivery with the authors presumably spontaneous rendition of their own work. Delivery, he implies, is essentially a mimetic art that originally developed as a skill of actors imitating emotions that they did not experience. As such, delivery risks skewing public debates, offering an unfair advantage to speakers willing and able to manipulate their audiences emotions. (Dorota Dutsch, The Body in Rhetorical Theory and in Theater: An Overview of Classical Works.  Body-Language-Communication, edited by  Cornelia Mà ¼ller et al.  Walter de Gruyter, 2013) Falstaff Playing the Role of Henry V in a Speech to the Kings Son, Prince Hal Peace, good pint-pot; peace, good tickle-brain. Harry, I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy time, but also how thou art accompanied: for though the camomile, the more it is trodden on the faster it grows, yet youth, the more it is wasted the sooner it wears. That thou art my son, I have partly thy mothers word, partly my own opinion, but chiefly a villainous trick of thine eye and a foolish-hanging of thy nether lip, that doth warrant me. If then thou be son to me, here lies the point; why, being son to me, art thou so pointed at? Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a micher and eat blackberries? a question not to be asked. Shall the sun of England prove a thief and take purses? a question to be asked. There is a thing, Harry, which thou hast often heard of and it is known to many in our land by the name of pitch: this pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile; so doth the company thou keepest: for, Harry, now I do not speak to thee in drink but in tears, not in plea sure but in passion, not in words only, but in woes also: and yet there is a virtuous man whom I have often noted in thy company, but I know not his name. (William Shakespeare,  Henry IV, Part 1,  Act 2, scene 4) AlsoSee CaricatureDeliveryHyperboleMimesisSarcasmSatire