Philosophical issus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Philosophical issus - Essay fashion models is mainly because one belongs in, a family may have high standards of behavior code where the members atomic number 18 trained to act and behave in a certain manner which may be really different from others. Additionally, community based behavioral system where they have established rules and regulation on behavior, for example, in some African communities it is wrong foe a young person to salute the elders with their hands sooner the young person beds and the elder touched the forehead of the young person as a target of respect (James and Stuart 100-187).Kantian ethics auger well with the conception of cleanity ethical this is because it mainly deals with moral realism, which claims that moral propositions refer to objective facts, which are independent of human opinion. Moreover, ethical subject reflects a culture relationship between morality and peoples feelings and opinions of some issues creates disagreement of people on pose d irect issues that real dispute is not about objective truth but about their proclaim preference(Richard, pp 56-89).According to the social contract theory, in the absence of rules, law, and political order human life would be solitary, poor, short and nasty the element. Personal moral however guides a person on doing what is wrong without cosmos followed by anybody around and prevent them from engaging in immoral activities. (James and Stuart

Kierkegaard and Sartre's versions of existentialism Essay

Kierkegaard and Sartres versions of existential philosophy - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, they are similar in ways such as their trust on individuality, will power and meaningful decision making by dint of choices. Sartre defines existentialism in ways that deduce the nature of while as man himself and that he uses his wills to accomplish his own mass using various principles. The first one is that a man is only what he designs of himself. This means that manpower in the world shoulder responsibilities due to their mere existence on earth and each man knows his in full. He further explains that every man is responsible for humanity in its entirety and non merely for himself (individuality). Every choice that a man makes affects the rest of his species.In another perspective, he declares that idol does not exist. Therefore, all men carry the responsibility of their actions. He defines an ethical person as an indie thinker who lives generously in consideration to the needs of others. He sets goals, pursues them actively and enumerates decisions on how to achieve them. This is on a lower floor the choice of active lifetime. This drives to invisibility of a mans existence if he fails to pursue his goals in an active manner or make plans of achieving them. This eventually leads to despair, where a man loses hope and the meaning of life itself.Kierkegaard however contradicts this by setting three models of existentialism, namely aesthetic, ethical and supranational religious faith. The importance of making a choice and the difference between ethical and aesthetical choices are the areas of emphasis. Men shape their personalities through their choices, which in itself is an ethical quality. High levels of determination together with thorough thinking enables man to make an ethical choice that is absolute and genuine. Aesthetical choices are neither meaningful nor stable and usually made for by the way or sensual pleasure. Thus, they are not as genuine a s

Hormones in the Environment Can Cause Male Infertility Research Paper

Hormones in the Environment Can Cause Male Infertility - Research report card ExampleOther substances are generated as a byproduct during manufacturing or are breakdown of chemicals. These compounds canful have morphological and physiological effects in the body. In general, health effects associated with EDCs include a range of reproductive problems (reduced fertility, male and female reproductive tract abnormalities, and skewed male/female evoke ratios, loss of fetus, menstrual problems) changes in hormone levels early puberty brain and behavior problems impaired resistant functions and various cancers. EDCs not only affect adults but are particularly potent when exposure occurs during fetal and early postnatal development. An environmental endocrine or hormone disruptor is an exogenous agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or exclusion of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproducti on, development, and/or behavior. They enter your body through with(predicate) ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. These compounds mimic, enhance (an agonist), or inhibit (an antagonist) the action of hormones. The number of cognise endocrine disruptors is large and continuously increasing, and includes both naturally occurring and semisynthetic substances. Some, called phytochemicals, reside in fungus and plants, including mold, clover, whole grains, soybeans and other legumes, and numerous fruits and vegetables. Human activities unthaw other naturally occurring EDCs the heavy metals lead, mercury, and cadmium. Chemically, environmental hormones such as polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins (PCDDs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are composed of an aromatic body substituted with chlorine at various positions. They are potently toxic in biological systems, and teratogenic to animals. Moreover, it has been describ e that the chemicals 2,2-bis(p-ydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A, BPA) and diethyl stilbestrol (DES) mimic natural hormones, and may disrupt the endocrine systems in animals and humans (Kobayashi et al. 680). Common EDCs having estrogenic activity can come from house hold material like solvents and adhesives such as those effectuate in nail polish, paint remover, and glues emulsifiers & waxes found in soaps and cosmetics, dry cleaning chemicals, nearly all plastics, (also phthalates, synthetic compounds that add flexibility to plastics, such as the plastic tubes and bags used in storing and delivering IV fluids to patients, and the rubbery toys children track down with), meat from livestock fed estrogenic drugs to fatten them up, surfactants such as nonoxonyl (spermicides) found in many condoms and diaphragm gels, and petrochemically based scented products & perfumes. Synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs), plasticizers, and surfactant breakdown products are known to have estrogenic activity. Currently, four major classes of environmental hormones that interact directly with steroid hormone receptors are known environmental estrogens, environmental antiestrogens, environmental antiprogestins, and environmental antiandrogens. Physiologically dioxin acts as antiestrogenic carbamate insecticides as antiprogestigenic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, linuron, vinclozolin, and p,p-DDE as antiandrogenic (Cheek and McLachlan 9). The hypothalamicpituitarygonadal axis is a critical part in the development and regulation of

Leadership and Organization Behavior Essay Example for Free

leadership and Organization Behavior EssayThere argon many business governances that ar started on various occasions, only if only a few turn out to be palmy cheeks. The success or failure of an brass can mostly be associated with loss leadershiphiphip. Leaders withdraw a very big impact in the organization. The importance of leadership is recognized when the organization is going finished some moments like crisis or serious changes, depending on how the issue will be handled. We can non just assume that leadership in the organization is shown at the top management, but blush to the scorn levels in the organization.Despite the importance of leadership, there has been no agreement on the definition of leadership in the organization. However, leadership can be defined as a means used to coarse tribe in the organization, without applying force, to work towards the attainment of the organizational goals, by motivating them. Non coercive method implies the leaders sho uld make the people to follow them on a voluntary basis (Glasser, 2008). A leader influences a token group to work towards achieving particular goals.Leadership does not depend on a full-dress effectualness or the title, but rather they carry out their tasks by applying leadership attributes such as values, believes, go byledge, character, ethical code and skills. The position of a film director, supervisor, leader etc give them the authority to accomplish certain goals and tasks in the organization, the power of manager lead or supervisor to accomplish organization goals does not make them leaders but scarcely they make themselves bosses.Leadership makes the following want to make higher goals. Selfless services and honorable characters to the organization form the basis of good leadership. Respected leaders concentrate on what they know (such as jobs tasks and human nature), what they be (such as character and believes) and what they do (such as motivating implementing a nd providing directions. ). The qualities of a leader influence the attendants to follow him.Followers want to be guided by the people whom they respect and have imbibe sense of directions. Leaders essentialiness be ethical in wander to gain respect from their followers. grit of directions among the leaders is achieved through conveying a strong vision of future (Glasser, 2008). Employee satisf natural action in an organization can be predicted by the level of confidence and trust in the top leadership and effective intercourse.Effective communication helps to win organization confidence and trust which occurs through devising the employees to become cognizant and rede the overall strategies of the organization, helpering the employees understand their maps which can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives and the information share surrounded by the employees and the leaders on how the organization is performing and how their departments are doing relative to the strategic goals of the organization. Therefore a leader must(prenominal) be able to communicate the vision of the organization and must be trustworthy.Good leaders need to concentrate the three attributes of leadership i. e. what they are, what they know and what they do. These attributes can be achieved by following the leadership principles. According to principles of leadership a leader is supposed to know himself and seek room for self repairment. A leader can know himself if he understands the principles of leadership. Seeking room for self improvement means that the leaders have to continuously strengthen their attributes. This can be achieved through interaction with others, reflection, self study and formal classes.Secondly the leaders must be technically proficient. Leaders are getd to have a solid familiarity with their followers tasks and know their job (Nelson Quick, 2007). Leaders must seek and take responsibilities of their action. They must such ways in which to guide their organization to achieve new heights. When things in the organization goes disparage leaders are not supposed to blame their followers or their fellow leaders but rather they should analyze the situation and come up with corrective response and be prepared to extend into the next challenge.Leaders should make timely and sound decisions by use of good strategies of decision making solving problems and planning tools. Good leaders should set good role models by background examples to others. They must see what they are expected to do not only hearing the changes they want to see. Leaders should know their people and care for their well being. They should know the human nature and take the responsibility for caring for their followers. Leaders are supposed to establish good communication with their followers.Communicating is a key responsibility in making sure that tasks are accomplished, supervised and understood. Team construction and development o f team spirit assist the leaders in employing their sections, organization, department etc to their fullest capabilities. Leaders should have an honest understanding of leadership attributes. They must excessively understand that determination of whether a leader is successful or not lies on the followers and not upon themselves. Followers are likely to get inspired if they lack confidence or trust in their leaders.Leaders are supposed to convince and set good example to their followers in parade to become successful and be followed. Leaders lead through a two way communication between them and their followers sometimes communication between these two parties is non verbal. An example is when a leader sets a good example to the follower. The leader in this case does not necessarily require asking the follower on what to do about what himself is not willing to do. The way and how the leaders communicate with their followers improve or harm the relationship between them.Leaders are supposed to understand their followers in order to apply their leadership skills different followers would require different leadership styles. This means that a new employee may require more guidance and supervision than an experienced one. Also non motivated workers would require more motivation than motivated workers. Therefore the leader must understand the human nature through establishing the followers emotions, motivation and needs. Leaders requiring to develop strategies on the possible cause of action for different situations (Nelson Quick, 2007).The success of any leadership is determined in the degree in which the leaders are able to motivate the others. penury among the employees leads to work satisfaction. An organization may incur big losses if it looses its employees and thus the key function of the leaders and the managers should be motivating the right people to remain and join the organization. Motivation directly affects the out put of an organization and this concerns both the quality and the quantity.The leaders and managers therefore need to understand how to motivate the followers according to the roles they play (Miner, 2005). The survival of an organization is determined by the motivation of the employees. On the other hand reinforcement focuses on the maintenance of motivation. The basic assumption in motivation are that the positive demeanour among the followers that resulted to rewarding will be repeated and therefore negative behavior that resulted to negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.Certain behavior can be increase and strengthened through reinforcement. Rewards and punishment are applied depending on whether certain behaviors occurred or did not occur. The role of the leaders is to strengthen the positive behavior through reinforcement (Miner, 2005). The employees and the leaders working in an organization have different characteristics. Leaders must learn how to manage the employee in their organization. The leadership skills that are acquired in schools are not sufficient to lead and manage the employees.Therefore training is important in order to ensure that individual objectives are aligned with organization objectives. To achieve this skills and knowledge are imparted to individuals. Goal setting on the other hand helps in defining the organization, give the direction to be followed and avoid chaos. cathode-ray oscilloscope of organizational goals can help the leaders to motivate the employees by communicating what the organization have aforethought(ip) to achieve and through providing basis for recognition, success and achievements (Nelson Quick, 2007).Goal setting helps in effectiveness of recruiting the followers. Team building results to many potential benefits which include consensus building brain storming, looking at the problem from different perspective, audition and error, expert knowledge etc. employees are more encouraged to bring their work at the group table and therefore they are likely to work harder. Leaders must ensure that there is an positioning of respect and tolerance for the ideas of the team member in the organization culture.The employees feel free in sharing their ideas with the team members when they help each other to succeed. Effective leadership helps in the success of the organizations. If there is no good leadership the organization may move too slow, become stagnant or even loose their direction. Timely decision making ensures that the running of organization is going on well. Leaders must ensure that decision making are correct, complete and involves all the stakeholders for the success of the organization (Nelson Quick, 2007).

Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Arthur moth miller EssayArthur moth miller was born in New York City on October 17th, 1915. His p bents were both immigrants in the united States and lead a prosperous life because of the success of his fathers clothing manufacturing business. But the arrival of the disastrous argue Street crash distorted his business along with the rest of the Ameri fuck economy. As the result, Miller worked as a warehouseman. A View from the Bridge was in a single act in its starting line version and was produced this representation first in verse in 1955. This was then revised and was extended into a two-act flirt in 1956 when it was presented at the Comedy Theatre in London. In this assignment I ordain be discussing the role of the protagonist in A View from the Bridge, and I will look into his gloaming and the part that he played in it. I will similarly be looking at the Aristotelic elements of a tragedy that Miller has utilise, and I will be high fervor and explaining the import ant communication and stagecraft.The play is set in a domestic area of New York called Red Hook and he describes it as the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. It has its roots in the late mid-forties when Miller became interested in the everyday lives and work of the dockworkers of New Yorks Brooklyn harbour, where he had previously worked. He expound it as a dangerous and mysterious world at the waters edge that drama and writings had never touched where many people worked and were poorly paid, exploited by their bosses, and importantly many were immigrants to the unify States.This led to them being treated unequally and they faced racism as the whites were considered as a omnipotent race. Other factors that played a part in Miller writing this play was the Cold War, which occurred during the mid-forties and which affected the economy and arose censorship and freedom. During this clip a young lawyer friend of Millers also told him a story astir(pr edicate) a longshoreman who had ratted to the Immigration Bureau on two brothers, who were living lawlessly in his very own home.He also visited Sicily a few years later where he say huge levels of poverty that played a part in him including characters of Italian origin and safekeeping poverty as one of the main themes of this play. These above factors were the entire cultural context that led to Miller writing yet another very influential play A View from the Bridge. This play is a modern tragedy and Miller has followed the rules of a tragedy written by the famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle in a book called Poetics. This book stated that for a play to be a tragedy it should tolerate certain characteristics.Miller has followed these Aristotelian features carefully and this can be seen in the play. Firstly, a prologue accompanies the play in order to make it easier for the audience to concentrate more on the actual lesson being taught by the play rather that getting confused. Alfi eri acts as the chorus/narrator, the audiences interpreter of events he is both commentator and participant in the play and punctuates the action. He introduces new themes and at the same time informs us about the present events and reminds us of past events.He creates interest in the audience by giving them clues and signs of future events, for example we bang that the play will end in someones death as he mentions sat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. A sense of inevitability is also created in Aristotelian tragedies that can be seen in the above dialogue where Alfieri feels powerless and suggests that this has happened before and is therefore retrospective. Another imposture known as hubris is also used which is a point in the play of no cave in and creates immense inevitability.The audience is made to feel a purging of emotions, which is a device known as catharsis. This along with pauses between dialogue and dramatic irony, which is when the aud ience knows more than the characters, creates tension and heightens their sympathy for some characters or heightens hatred for others. Stage Directions acquire been used well and they build on dialogue and show how the characters are feeling. Miller has also used stagecraft to an extensive level, and he uses the stage and effects such as lighting to symbolise conflict and other things.For example, the stage consists of the Carbone household and Alfieris law office which represents a conflict between natural and primitive law, a main theme of the play. This is also an effective use of unity of time and place as the main places of action have been put closely to avoid confusion. Tragedies are also meant to teach and are therefore didactic. For example, community bonds and effects of betrayal are highlighted when Eddie recites to Catherine a fable about former neighbour Vinny Bolzano who had snitched to the immigration about his uncle.He uses this as a warning to Catherine and to mak e it expire to her the consequences of telling anyone about the illegal entry of Beatrices cousins. They should also involve universal truths so that people can relate to the play with real life. This play teaches many universal truths such as how to love, natural and constitutional law and the community. There is also a unity of time and place which is a device used so that it is easier for the audience to understand the action and so that they can focus on the morals taught by the play.Miller has carefully set up the tragic heros role in this play, in a way so that he matches the description of Aristotles tragedy characteristics. The protagonist isnt famous or rich, alone he is seen to have the potential to become great. He also has a fall, which in this case is his death and is caused by a flaw or an error of judgement that is also occurs here. The fall also inspires pity and terror in the audience and in the process teaches them. The other characters are also affected by this fall but in the end there is a restoration of order.

Let’s analyze the gaming console industry Essay Example for Free

Lets analyze the gaming console industry examineWe can define two types of supplier the hardwargon supplier and the software supplier. The hardware suppliers providing the elements needed to ramp up the consoles have a emit dicker power because there have very low exchange costs and there are a lot of them. On the other hand, the software suppliers (developers) have a high bargaining power because they choose and set the conditions to work with each console. Entry Barriers Entry barriers are high because of high RD costs and the high capital investment needed to start a melodic phrase in the console industry. Internal Rivalry There is high internal rivalry among competitors because the core pretender commercialise is growing slowly, competitors have high exit barriers and the products developed turn obsoletes in less than 5 years due to the fast progress of engineering. The fakers in the industry are Sony, XBOX and Nintendo. Buyer Power The bargaining power of buyers is h igh because there are many options with very low switching costs. Substitutes Low moderation power because they are not very similar (like TV or other entertainment device) and wear upont fulfill the same exact purpose.Sony has few competitors due to high barriers-to-entry and startup costs solitary(prenominal) buyers and suppliers (game developers) have high bargaining power and low switching costs. Sony should target a new foodstuff as Nintendo did. We could call this market the casual players market. In regulate to get in this new segment, Sony bequeath have to develop a more interactive way of using their console without dropping the legion(predicate) features to avoid losing their core player market share.The key of success for Sony is to adapt a new technology such as Nintendo did with Wii that will enable the play along to target a broader market and not only the males from 16-36 years old. The advantage of entering those two markets with one console is that Sony wi ll enter a larger market with bigger returns and consequently bigger economies of scales. Also, entering the casual player market is important for the company to avoid falling behind its competitors in both markets since this new segment will enhance the taint exposure and recognition.The risk associated to this option is to turn this high performing console in a low performing console (as Nintendo did) and lose the core players customers that are very important to Sony financial stability and growth. A big challenge for this new console will be to cut costs in order to make it more accessible to customers, since the casual players market will definitely be guided by price. Vis-a-vis the Five Forces, if Sony were to pursue this option, the company will be competing in the core player market and on the casual player market.On the casual player market the substitutes will have more power. Sony will compete with other activities such as watching TV, watching a movie and others victu als room activities. The main purpose of this market is entertainment in general while the core player market is about playing video games. Update Sony and Microsoft had already implemented advanced interactive technologies. Nowadays, Microsoft has the about advanced software and hardware that dont need controllers anymore, just your body.

System of judging the plays in Ancient Athens Essay Example for Free

System of judging the plays in antediluvian patriarch capital of Greece EssayDo I think the system of judging the plays in Ancient Athens was a good one?In Athens, theatre was a precise important aspect, both of religion, and support for the Athenians. As it was a competition, every play would need a Judge. Or 10. Judging the plays was a very democratic system, and one that I feel was very effective.To choose the judges, each tribe put name of citizens into a sealed urn. on that point were 10 tribes, each named aft(prenominal)(prenominal) a mythical hero. They wereErechtheis This tribe was named after the eponymous hero Erechtheus who was an early King of Athens, he was killed by Poseidon.Aegeis Aegis was named after the hero Aegeus who was another(prenominal) early King of Athens, and the father of Theseus.Pandionis This tribe was named for the hero Pandion, who, once again, was an early King of Athens.Leontis Leontis was named after Leos, who was the parole of Orph eus.Akamentis Named after Akamas who was the son of Theseus.Oineis Named after Oeneus, who was son of Dionysus.Kekropis Kekropis were named after the hero Kekrops who was another early King of Athens.Hippothontis Named for Hippothoon, who was a hero at Eleusis.Aiantis Aiantis was named after the great hero Aiax/Ajax who was a hero in the battle for Troy.Antiochis Named after Antiochos, son of Herakles.At the beginning of the Festival of Dionysia, the urns were broken open, and a name selected at random from each. The 10 people whose names were drawn, would become the Judges. This was a very good way to choose in my opinion, as it eliminated bribery (unless you were extremely rich) and you could choose to vote for yourself, or others.On the 5th day of the festival, after all the Tragedies had finished, each Judge would write down the names of the Playwrights in order of merit. The tablets were then placed in a sealed urn (again), and an Archon would draw out 5 of the 10 tablet s. The Playwright with the most votes was declared the winner. There would be a separate judging for Comedy.Overall, I think it was a fair, unbiased and very groundbreaking way of judging the plays. The democratic style of judging reflected on the Citys politicians, and was very clever, lots like many other things accomplished by the Athenians.