Broadcasting Study Guide

BCA 210 Study Guide Exam 2 Terms Audion tube Created by d takewind de Forest, this improved the clarity of intercommunicate signal reception in 1907. This detected piano tuner waves and pin points respectables. Lee de Forest perfected this glass bulb. Payola 1960s, the practice of accepting deportment to picnic specific recordings on the line of communication channel. Disc jockeys were charged for bribery for accepting property to play music, the just roughly famous, Alan Freed who conked in Cleveland who was c ablaze(p)ited with coining the term for rock n roll. hybridizing ownership The practice of one comp whatsoever owning piano tuner and TV displace in the same broadcast market.This was a result of the telecommunication lick. Narrowcasting Identifying a specific earshot segment and programmeming for it. General manager (in receiving set) Runs the radio position. Program manager (in radio) They everyplacesee what goes on the air, including the news program s, the stations format and any on-air concourse. Kinetoscope 1888, Thomas Edisons idea, William K. L. Dickinson scored. Perforated get hold of and sprockets to minimize jumps. Peepshow viewer. The number one front room was in April of 1894 in New York City. Talkies Sound added to depictions. The vitaphone preludes, 1926, seven ill-judgeds w/ sounds.Al Jolson, first feature-length motion picture with sound. It contained two sections with synchronized sound make by the Warner Bros. Digital Projectors Satellite distri exactlyion internet statistical distribution subsidiary repairs Marketing opportunities related to a movie, in addition to direct income from the movie itself. The Big Five 1930s, Warner Bros. , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, overriding, RKO and Twentieth Century Fox solely reign the movie business. They were completely vertic bothy integrated they produced movies, distributed them worldwide and owned household chains, which guaranteed their pictures being shown.The Hollywood Ten J. Parnell Thomas summoned 10 unfriendly witnesses from Hollywood to testify about their Communist connections. Consisted of 8 hollywood secrecywriters and two directors. Their strategy was to appear before the committee as a group and to rid of answering the direct question. They tried to make statements that questioned the committees consent to challenge their political beliefs. The witnesses were found in contempt, some were sentenced to jail and some others were fined. By the end, they all lost(p) their jobs.Cable television/CATV Community antenna television or electrify tv. Cathode cock Tube Created by Philo T. Farnsworth in California, he called it the dissector tube. It used an electronic electronic s endurener to reproduce the electronic image more more clearly than Nipkows preferably mechanical s kindlening device. He patented his electronic scanner. Advertiser Produced TV Programs Quiz shows, miscellany shows, situation comedies, drama, westerns, d etective stories, detective stories, movies, soap operas and shed shows. HDTV The US switched to national high-definition tv transmission standard in 2009.It scans 1,125 lines across the screen. It requires more spectrum space than conventional tv signals. Digital tv makes it easier for manufacturers to combine the functions of TV and the functions of a data processor in the same opus of equipment. A. C. Nielsen The company dominated the tv ratings business. Ratings describe the audience to advertisers based on the Nielsens, advertisers pay for the commercial time to reach the audiences they want. Rating The percentage of the enumerate number of households with TV sets tuned to a particular program.Give sponsors instruction about the audience theyre reaching with their advertising, what advertisers argon getting for their money. Sh are The percentage of the audiences turn on that is watching a particular program. Demographics Date about consumers characteristics, such as age, occupation and income level. Network affiliates Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks, not networked owned. Syndication Services that mete out programming to broadcast stations and cable. Independently produced programming. Oprah, Jeopardy, Wheel of Fortune.Analog In clutch communication theory, a type of technology used in broadcasting, whereby video or audio information is sent as continuous signals through the air on specific airwave frequencies. Digital transmission Telenovelas are Spanish language shows. These give a new audience, unison draws more viewers than all english language networks. the Internet cant overs all types of media, print, broadcast, movies and recordings using a single delivery system without barriers. Combines millions of computer networks sending and receiving data from all over the world. There is no common owner.Browser Created by Tim Berners-Lee. Software that allows passel to display and interac t with information on Web pages. They can research electronically HTML/HTPP Created by Tim Berners-Lee. Hypertext markup language/Hypertext transfer protocol. These allow pile to create and send text, graphics and video information electronically and likewise set up electronic connections from one source of information to another. gross revenue (in television) deal in the sales department dole out the commercial slots for the programs. denote is change integrity into national and local sales.Advertising agencies, buy nationsl ads for the products they handle. (An ad agency whitethorn buy time on a network for the ford company, for a tv ad that will run all over the acres simultaneously) Traffic (in television) traffic department integrates the advertising with the programming, making sure that all the ads that are sell are aired when theyre spposed to be. Traffic also handles bursting charge for the ads. Traditional media Digital/Multimedia describes all forms of communicat ions media that combine text, pictures, sound and video using computer technology.Bits Intellectual property rights The legitimate right of ownership of ideas and content published in any medium. There are various copyright holders that have used court challenges to establish their legal ownership. Internet service provider (ISP) Also called an internet opening provider. This can be a telephone, satellite or cable company, to organize and deliver internet information and entertainment. Web income is make by the money people pay their ISP to connect to the Web. Digital subscriber line (DSL)Signal or data compression the process of squeezing digital content into a smaller electronic space. Online/Web advertising advertising is the second voltage source of income on the web. They have banners or borders on pages. The seller can know exactly who the buyer is since it is a targeted medium. There is internet track that helps advertisers gain information about the audiences for their a ds. Digital Divide The lack of access to digital technology among low-income, rural and minority groups. People -Heinrich Hertz amenable for first describing radio waves in 1887 in germany. Guglielmo Marconi Promotion of wireless radio wave transmission beginning in 1899 with the Americas Cup race. Made international Morse code code. Marketed his device. Thought of a way that messages should be able to travel across space without a wire. -Lee de Forest Father of radio Made the audion in 1907, made radio practical to todays radio, pin pointed the sound. -David Sarnoff made radio broadcasting a viable business in the coupled States. radio for the people Made red and mordant networks, worked for NBC. He wanted to make radio for households. -Edwin H.Armstrong Responsible for licensing frequency modulation (FM). -William S. Paley Made radio broadcasting a viable business for the coupled States. Worked for CBS created 25 stations. -Thomas Edison idea for the kinetoscope in 1888, made William K. L. Dickson create it. -Rupert Murdoch Owner of fox broadcasting joined US media business from Australia and was able to accumulate so many media companies in a short amount of time. -Charlie Chaplin founded united artists in 1919. They rebelled against the strict studio system of distribution and formed their own studio. Fatty Arbuckle Comedian, hosted a marathon party in San Fran. A model was rushed to the hospital for stomach pains, she died at the hospital and fatty was charged with murder but then reduced to manslaughter. subsequently triple trials, he was acquitted. -Florence Lawrence first movie star. Uncredited Biograph girl. She received screen credit from Carl Laemmle. This began the start of salaried stars and production staff to be under(a) exclusive contracts. -Mary Pickford Left biograph to join Laemmle by doubling her salary. She became one of the most influential women in early hollywood.She helped to finance the free-living studio United Artists. -Ed ward R. Murrow Early news figure at CBS, created the earl standards for broadcast news. -Philo T. Farnsworth added the electronic scanner. developed the cathode ray tube. He patented the scanner -Vladimir Zworykin developed an all-electronic system to substitute a visual image into an electronic signal that traveled through the air. When the signal reached the tv receiver the signal was transformed again into a visual image for the viewer. -David Brinkley broadcast news pioneer who began at NBC.News spreader -Tim Berners-Lee developed programming languages that allow people to distribute all types of information online, and the first browser which allowed people to view information online in 1989. -Newton Minow man conscience. Hired at the FCC by JFK. Asked broadcast station owners and managers to watch their own programs. He said they would find a vast wasteland. He outlined tvs responsibilities to its audiences. -Nicholas Negroponte at the massachusetts institute of technolog y first uses the term overlap to describe the intersection of industries.Said that the combination of the traditional media industries with the computer industry would create a new type of communication. He created two models to show the slip of the media industries in 78 and his projected vision for those industries in 2000. he listed three segments of the media business print and publishing, broadcast and motion pictures, and the computer industry. The theory of convergence helped to shape todays thinking about the internet. Stations/Studios/Companies/Associations/etc -KDKA was the first commercial radio station in Pittsburgh.KDKA began daily one-hour evening schedules broadcasting from 830 to 930. they proved that regular programing could attract a doglike audience. -WEAF New York. Weaf started exchange advertising time to sponsors. This settled the issue of who would pay the cost of airing the programs.. Sold blocks of time. -RCA government approved private monopoly. david s arnoff was planetary manager. He became tvs biggest promoter. RCA faced criticism about its broad control over the airwaves because it continued to be the worlds largest distributor of radios. NBC (red and blue) created by David Sarnoff at NBC in 1926. The red network was fed from WEAF in New York. The blue network originated from station WJZ in Newark. Station engineers drew the planned hookups of the two networks with red and blue colored pencils which is how the networks got their names. One of the first tv networks. -ABC American broadcasting company, the selling of this company to Edward Noble gave the country a three-network radio system. -ASCAP American hostelry of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. Created blanket licensing of music broadcasting over the radio. FCC federal official Communications Commission. minded(p) frequency licenses. FCC ordered NBC to divest one of its networks. FCC recognizes FM - domainal everyday radio receiver 1970, goes on air. Government bega n funding the NPR in 1967. By design, public radio was created as an alternative to commercial radio. Depends primarily on private donations to survive. Started the program All things considered for the evening drive-time and launched the morning edition. -Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association In 1930, they pick out a production code to control movie content. Will hay was the president.The code had three principles No picture shall be produced that will trim back the moralistic standards, correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment shall be presented, law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed. The code is then divided into 12 categories of wrongdoing. Murder. Sex. Obscenity. Costume. -United Artists Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and DW Griffith, independent studio run by the stars themselves in 1919. -Disney Walt Disney, only 1930s newcomer to the movie business. Created snow white & 7 dwarfs which was the first full-length animated feature.Grey to media company we know today. -CBS First tv networks. Created by William Paley. Had 25 stations. Later, in 1947, CBS began broadcasting television news. -CNN Started in 1979 by Ted Turner, CNNs globular reach gives the US audience instant access to new about international events. Modern satellites made this possible. -TNT 1976. Part of the cable industry. Happenings -War of the Worlds Orson Welles, quicksilver Theater. Night before Halloween. Aired dramatized version of war of the worlds as a live news broadcast. Some people thought that it was really happening.This challenged radios authority/credibility. -American motion picture premier Edison organized the first American motion picture premiere with an improved camera developed by independent inventor Thomas Armat. Edison dubbed the new machine the Vitascope, and the first public video display of the picture was on April 23rth 1896 at Koster and Bials Theater in New York. This spawned nickelodeons. -US v. Paramount Pictures case Limit block booking to five, deflect blind booking, stop requiring short take on rentals, stop buying theaters. -quiz show scandals Brought about an ethical motive scandal in 1958. aused the netwoks to reexamine the relationship between advertisers and programs. The networks turned to other sources such as independent producers, for their programming. Charles Van Doren played on xx one, he won 129,000 admitted he was fed the answers. -Radio Act of 1912Licensing, limited freedom. usual Convenience, pursuance or necessity. Used for the basis of broadcasting. -Radio Act of 1927 formed the Federal Radio commission under the jurisdiction of the department of commerce. The president constitute the commissions five members, with the Senates approval. Stations operate as a public convenience, interest or necessity requires. Also became the license holder. Stations could operate only with the governments approval and stations ques ted commission approval to be sold or transferred. This became the foundation for all broadcast regulation in the United states. -Digital Millennium Copyright Act in 1998, made it illegal to share copyrighted material on the internet. -Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 created the corporation for Public Broadcasting and included funding for public radio and tv stations. Telecommunications Act of 1996 first major overhaul of broadcast regulation since the federal communications commission was established. The legacy of the act is that commercial radio is regulated much less than the 70s. This is called the policy of deregulation. It removed ownership limits. Allowed cross ownership, prompted consolidation. Concepts -Radio vs. TV programming -Race movies pioneered the art of breaking stereotypes. These films showcased all black casts in a variety of genres including westerns, mysteries, romances and melodramas. -Hays Office production code May not lower moral standard of viewers.Proper standards of life. Respect for law. No sympathy for violators. Murder should not tickle pink imitation. No lustful kissing or lustful embraces. No obscenity. Costumes moldiness not be indecent, dancing movements that are exposing or indecent are forbidden. -syndicated TV programming are independently produced programming. Oprah, jeopardy, wheel of fortune. Services that sell programming to broadcast stations and cable. -1950s television boom -TVs squeeze on sports CBS paid 28 million for NFL rights, in 1990 it cost 3. 6 billion (now even higher). TV funds much of professional sports.Expansion to cable (ESPN) -Spanish language TV New audience. Unison draws more viewers than all english language networks. Telenovelas. -Web advertising banners and ads. They can target their audiences by tracking. -Convergence Melding of communications, computer and electronics industries. Movies -The Great Train Robbery is a 1903 American western film written, produced, and directed by Edwin S. Porte r. 12 minutes long, it is considered a milestone in film making. The film used a number of innovative techniques including entangled editing, camera movement and on location shooting. The Birth of a Nation 1915. First budget, feature-length film spectacular. D. W. Griffith. Now recalled for racist themes. Drawing specialized audiences. Oscar Micheauxs work countered birth of a nation. -The Jazz Singer is a 1927 American tuneful film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences, its release herald the commercial ascendance of the talkies and the decline of the silent film era. Directed by Alan Crosland and produced by Warner Bros. with its Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, the movie stars Al Jolson, who performs six songs.The film is based on The Day of Atonement, a play by Samson Raphaelson. -Steamboat Willie Disney in 1928. is a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by the Walt D isney Studios and released by Celebrity Productions. The cartoon is considered the debut of paddy field Mouse, -Snow White and the Seven Dwarves Disney, 1937. first full-length animated feature. Cost 2. 25 million, as much as an MGM, musical. -Empire of the Air Proved that radio is an beau ideal medium for reaching masses of the US, your geographic location is not abnormal by it.Government issued patents that caused friction. All about moneySarnoff controlled everything and created a network. The film reflects capitalist economy and the american dream he was an immigrant and created this entertainment to become rich. Drive ourselves and need new technology to become elite. -Sunset Boulevard Film noir. Used a mirror in the water to give the illusion of being underwater. -Quiz demonstrate Quiz Show is a 1994 American historical drama film produced and directed by Robert Redford. Charles Van Doren won 129,000 but was fed the answers. The affable Network